電腦運算
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電腦運算是使用電腦自行運算操作的領域。
目錄 |
科學與理論
硬體
See information processor for a high-level block diagram.
指令層次的分類(Instruction-level taxonomies)
在記憶體普及化之後，焦點轉移到在指令層次上提升CPU的效能。各種取出－執行(fetch-execute)周期的高速化方法包括:
- 以較簡單、快速的指令，截然不同於CISC的RISC來設計指令集架構(instruction set architectures)
- 超純量(Superscalar)指令執行
- VLIW架構，其造就明確的平行性
軟體
- 軟體工程
- 計算機編程
- 軟體專利
計算機歷史
- History of computing hardware
- Punch Card
- Unit record equipment
- IBM 700/7000 series
- IBM 1400 series
- System/360
- Early IBM disk storage
商用計算機
- 會計軟體
- 電腦輔助設計(CAD)
- 計算機輔助製造(CAM)
- Computer-assisted dispatch
- 客戶關係管理
- 資料倉儲
- 決策支持系統
- Electronic data processing
- 企業資源計劃
- 地理信息系統(GIS)
- 信息管理系統
- 物料需求計劃(MRP)
- Strategic enterprise management(SEM)
- 供應鏈管理(SCM)
- 產品生命周期管理(PLM)
- Utility Computing
人的因素
- Accessible computing
- Human-computer interaction
計算機安全
- Cryptology - cryptography - information theory
- Cracking - demon dialing - Hacking - war dialing - war driving
- Social engineering - Dumpster diving
- Physical security - Black bag job
- Computer insecurity
- Computer surveillance
- defensive programming
- 惡意軟體
- security engineering
資料
數值資料
- 整數資料型別 - 位元(bit)、位元組(byte)等。
- 實數資料型別:
- 十進制
- Binary-coded decimal (BCD), 十進制的二進碼.
- Excess-3 BCD (XS-3)
- 二五混合碼
- 表示法: 二進制 - 八進制 - 十進制 - 十六進制 (hex)
- Computer mathematics - Computer numbering formats -
字元資料
其它資料主題
Mechatronics
- Punch card
- Key punch
- Unit record equipment
計算機分類
- Analog computer
- 計數機
- Desktop computer
- Desknote
- Digital computer
- Embedded computer
- Home computer
- 手提電腦
- Mainframe
- Minicomputer
- 微型電腦
- 個人電腦
- 個人數碼助理 (PDA)
- 伺服器
- 超級電腦
- Tablet PC
- Video game console
- Workstation
當前的公司
- 蘋果公司
- Avaya
- 戴爾
- 富士通
- Gateway Computers
- Groupe Bull
- 惠普公司(Hewlett-Packard)
- 日立(Hitachi)
- IBM
- 微軟
- 日本電氣(NEC)
- NetCB
- Novell
- Red Hat
- Silicon Graphics
- 太陽電腦(Sun Microsystems)
- Unisys
歷史上的公司
- Acorn, bought by Olivetti
- Bendix Corporation
- Burroughs, merged with UNIVAC to become Unisys
- Compaq, bought by Hewlett-Packard
- Control Data
- Cray
- Data General
- DEC, bought by Compaq, in turn bought by Hewlett-Packard
- Digital Research - a software company for the early microprocessor-based computers
- English Electric
- Ferranti
- General Electric, computer division bought by Honeywell, then Bull
- Honeywell, computer division bought by Bull and
- ICL
- Leo
- Lisp Machines, Inc.
- Marconi
- Nixdorf, bought by Siemens
- Olivetti
- Osborne
- Packard Bell
- Raytheon
- Royal McBee
- RCA
- Scientific Data Systems, sold to Xerox
- Siemens
- Sinclair Research, created the ZX Spectrum, ZX80 and ZX81
- Symbolics
- UNIVAC, merged with Burroughs to become Unisys
- Varian
- Wang
專業組織
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
- British Computer Society (BCS)
- Association for Survey Computing (ASC)
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), in particular the IEEE Computer Society
- Institution of Electrical Engineers
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
==Standards organizations and consortia== (see also standardization)
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
雜項
- List of computer term etymologies
- Load (computing)
- Indian Language Computing
1個分類: 計算
1個隱藏分類: 自2007年2月缺少來源的條目
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