迦梨


迦梨 (正體)

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迦梨

毁灭之神
梵文名称: काली
梵语转写: Kālī
体系: 提毗
住所: 火葬场
真言: Om Krīm Kalyai Namah
法器:
配偶: 湿婆
坐骑: 尸体 (典型:湿婆

迦梨梵语: Kālī天城体: काली,发音 /kɑːliː/)是印度教中的一个女神,有漫长而复杂的历史。尽管有时表现为黑暗和暴力,她最初作为灭绝化身出现仍然有相当影响,而更复杂的Tantric信仰有时将她的角色延伸为最高存在和生命起源。最近的虔诚运动将迦梨想象为正直慈善的母神。因此,除了与提婆(天神)湿婆有关,迦梨还与许多提毗(女神)有关- 。相信如果重复这些名字能使崇拜者得到特别的能力。



目录

起源

传说有一天,三界中出现了一个法力强大的恶魔。这只恶魔法力高强,它每滴一滴血在地上,地上就会出现一千只和他一样厉害的化身去遗祸人间。三大神之一湿婆大神的妻子----雪山神女帕尔瓦蒂得知消息后大怒,就化身迦梨女神去消灭这头恶魔。迦梨女神恐怕这头恶魔会在决斗的时候把自己的血滴在地上,使其出现一千只法力同样高强的恶魔化身,就先把它的血吸干, 一滴不剩。后来,迦梨终把这恶魔消灭,可是却因为过于愤怒而不能自制,她的双脚不由自主地大力践踏土地,令三界众生的生活都受到影响。其伴侣----湿婆为减轻众生的苦痛,就躺在迦梨的脚下,任其践踏以泄恨。这也是在印度教画像或雕塑中,湿婆总是躺在迦梨脚下的原因。


在密教瑜伽中

在孟加拉传统中

神话

肖像

迦梨的肖像

常见形象

发展

参考

  • Shakti and Shâkta, Arthur Avalon (Sir John Woodroffe), Oxford Press/Ganesha & Co., 1918
  • Sri Ramakrishna (The Great Master), Swami Saradananda, Ramakrishna Math,1952
  • Devi Mahatmyam, Swami Jagadiswarananda, Ramakrishna Math, 1953
  • The Art of Tantra, Philip Rawson, Thames & Hudson, 1973
  • Hindu Gods & Goddesses, Swami Harshananda, Ramakrishna Math, 1981
  • Hindu Goddesses, David R. Kinsley, University of California Press, 1988
  • Kali (The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar) Elizabeth U. Harding, Nicolas Hays, 1993
  • Impact of Tantra on Religion & Art, T. N. Mishra, D.K. Print World, 1997
  • Indian Art (revised), Roy C. Craven, Thames & Hudson, 1997
  • A Dictionary of Buddhist & Hindu Iconography (Illustrated), Frederick W. Bunce, D.K. Print World, 1997
  • Tantra (The Path of Ecstasy), Georg Feurestein, Shambhala, 1998
  • Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Religions, John Bowker, Oxford Press, 2000
  • Tantra in Practice, David Gordon White, Princeton Press, 2000
  • Encountering Kali (In the margins, at the center, in the west), Rachel Fell McDermott, Berkeley : University of California Press, 2003


参见

延伸阅读

  • Divine Initiation by Shri Kali Publications (ISBN 0-9582324-0-7) Copyright © 2001 Bhagavan Shri Shanmukha Anantha Natha and Shri Ma Kristina Baird. All rights reserved. One entire chapter on Mahadevi with a commentary on the Devi Mahatmyam from the Markandeya Purana.
  • Devi Mahatmyam (ISBN 81-7120-139-3)English translation by Swami Jagadiswarananda. Published by Sri Ramakrishna Math, Mylapore, Chennai 600 004, India.
  • Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar (ISBN 0-89254-025-7) by Elizabeth Usha Harding
  • In Praise of The Goddess, The Devimahatmyam and Its Meaning (ISBN 0-89254-080-X) by Devadatta Kali
  • Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions (ISBN 81-208-0379-5) by David Kinsley
  • The Sword and the Flute: Kali & Krsna (ISBN 0-520-03510-0) by David Kinsley
  • Encountering Kali: In the Margins, at the Center, in the West (ISBN 0-520-23240-2) by Rachel Fell McDermott
  • Kali: The Feminine Force (ISBN 0-89281-212-5) by Ajit Mookerjee
  • Kali Puja (ISBN 1-887472-64-9) by Swami Satyananda Saraswati
  • Grace and Mercy in Her Wild Hair: Selected Poems to the Mother Goddess (ISBN 0-934252-94-7) by Ramprasad Sen
  • Hymns to the Goddess and Hymn to Kali (ISBN 81-85988-16-1) by Sir John Woodroffe (aka Arthur Avalon)
  • Aghora, at the left hand of God (ISBN 0-914732-21-8) by Robert E. Svoboda
  • Mother of the Universe: Visions of the Goddess and Tantric Hymns of Enlightenment (ISBN 0-8356-0702-X) by Lex Hixon
  • In the Beginning is Desire : Tracing Kali's Footprints in Indian Literature (ISBN 818798161X) by Neela Bhattacharya Saxena

外部链接


        
印度教印度神话
教义 轮回转世解脱达摩吠檀多虚幻素食主义种姓制度
体系 提婆提毗阿修罗纳加夜叉迦楼罗罗刹三相神方位护法
男神 梵天毗湿奴湿婆因陀罗阿耆尼伐楼拿双马童伐由阎摩
俱吠罗苏利耶楼陀罗格涅沙哈奴曼黑天陀湿多生主祈祷主
女神 辩才天吉祥天萨蒂帕尔瓦蒂杜尔嘎迦梨刚迦伐楼尼马里安曼迦耶德丽乌莎斯
经典 吠陀梵书森林书奥义书往世书罗摩衍那摩诃婆罗多






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