运动画刊


运动画刊 （正體）

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第一期的運動畫刊發行於1954年8月16日，封面是密爾沃基勇士球星Eddie Mathews進行打擊
第一期的运动画刊发行于1954年8月16日，封面是密尔沃基勇士球星Eddie Mathews进行打击
July 1999年7月號封面是女子足球員 Brandi Chastain.
July 1999年7月号封面是女子足球员 Brandi Chastain.

运动画刊（Sports Illustrated）是由媒体巨擘时代华纳所拥有的美国体育周刊。拥有超过300万的订户，每个礼拜2300万成人的阅读量，在美国包括超过1300万、19%的男性。是第一个获得美国国家杂志奖的卓越表现奖两次的杂志中，超过百万流通量的。

它的泳装特刊（Swimsuit Issue），从1964年发行以来，已变成年度的活动，发行自己的电视节目、影视产品以及月历。

目录

历史

另外两个名称也是运动画刊(Sports Illustrated)的杂志在1930、1940年代创刊，不过不久后迅速失败。事实上，美国当时并没有一本全国性的体育杂志，时代杂志的创办人亨利‧鲁斯(Henry Luce)注意到这个问题，并且考虑填补这个空白。在当时，许多人认为体育是在严肃的新闻事业之下，并且不认为光是体育的内容可以填满一本杂志，特别是在冬天的时候。鲁斯收到许多意见，其中包括生活杂志(Life Magazine)的厄尔斯特‧海夫曼(Ernest Havemann,)，都尝试阻止这个计划，但不是运动迷的鲁斯却在这个时间点作了正确的决定。

在想要花20万美元买下「运动」做为杂志名称的行动失败后，他们仅用1万美元买下「运动画刊」（Sporst Illustrated原意为运动议题）替代。杂志的目标是"能成为那本运动杂志，而不只是一本运动杂志。"（"Not A sports magazine, but THE sports magazine."）

历史

两本同样名为运动画刊在1930年代及1940年代创刊，不过它们很快完结。事实上，当时并没有全国性的综合体育杂志 with a national following when TIME patriarch Henry Luce began considering whether his company should attempt to fill the gap. At the time, many believed sports was beneath the attention of serious journalism and didn't think sports news could fill a weekly magazine, 尤其在冬季。A number of advisers to Luce, including Life Magazine's Ernest Havemann, tried to kill the idea, but Luce, who was not a sports fan, decided the time was right.[1]

After unsuccessfully offering $200,000 to buy the name Sport for the new magazine, they acquired the rights to the name 「运动画刊」 instead for just $10,000. The goal of the new magazine was to be "not A sports magazine, but THE sports magazine.1954年8月16日刊行，it was not profitable and not particularly well run at first, but Luce's timing could not have been better. The popularity of spectator sports in the United States was about to explode, and that popularity came to be driven largely by three things:

  • economic prosperity
  • television, and
  • Sports Illustrated.

The early issues of the magazine seemed caught between two opposing views of its audience. Much of the subject matter was directed at upper class activities (yachting, polo, and even safaris), but upscale would-be advertisers were unconvinced that sports fans were a significant part of their market.[2]

Innovations

From the start, however, Sports Illustrated did introduce a number of innovations that are generally taken for granted today:

  • Liberal use of color photos - though the six-week lead time initially meant they were unable to depict timely subject matter
  • 球探报告 - 包括世界大赛预测及新年美式足球杯赛情报。
  • 深入报导 由编辑Robert Creamer, Tex Maule及Dan Jenkins等人的详尽篇幅。

1956年Luce询问时代集团senior European Correspondent André Laguerre to come to New York and help define the magazine's character. Many of the staff had serious doubts that the English-born Frenchman could possibly know anything about American sports, but Laguerre won them over, and during his term as Managing Editor (1960 - 1974), SI became a model for other middle-class American magazines. Its writers developed their own characteristic style by daring to tell people what was important. Many would say that the magazine legitimized sports -- and being a sports fan -- for a huge segment of the American population. The steady creation of landmark stories (e.g., "The Black Athlete - A Shameful Story" by Jack Olsen and "Paper Lion" by George Plimpton) showed that sports fans could be readers, and a generation of sportswriters patterned their own writing after what they read in SI.[3]

彩色印刷

杂志的摄影师also made their mark with innovations like putting cameras in the goal at a hockey game and behind a glass backboard at a 棒球比赛。 In 1965, offset printing began to allow the color pages of the magazine to be printed overnight, not only producing crisper and brighter images, but also finally enabling the editors to merge the best color with the latest news. By 1967, the magazine was printing 200 pages of "fast color" a year; in 1983, SI成为全美首本全彩印刷的杂志。 An intense rivalry developed between photographers, particularly Walter Iooss and Neil Leifer, to get a decisive cover shot that would be on newsstands and in mailboxes only a few days later.[4]

1970年代后期及1980年代早期，during Gil Rogin's term as Managing Editor, the feature stories of Frank Deford became the magazine's anchor. "Bonus pieces" on Pete Rozelle, Bear Bryant, Howard Cosell and others became some of the most quoted sources about these figures, and Deford established a reputation as one of the best writers of the time.[5]

Creative decline

After the death of Henry Luce in 1967, the creative freedom that the staff had enjoyed seemed to diminish. By the 1980s and 1990年代, the magazine had become more profitable than ever, but many also believed it had become more predictable. Mark Mulvoy was the first top editor whose background contained nothing but sports; he had grown up as one of the magazine's readers, but he had no interest in fiction, movies, hobbies or history. Mulvoy's top writer Rick Reilly had also been raised on SI and followed in the footsteps of many of the great writers that he grew up admiring, but many felt that the magazine as a whole came to reflect Mulvoy's complete lack of sophistication. Mulvoy also hired the current creative director Steven Hoffman. Critics said that it rarely broke (or even featured) stories on the major controversies in sports (drugs, violence, commercialism) any more, and that it focused on major sports and celebrities to the exclusion of other topics. The proliferation of "commemorative issues" and crass subscription incentives seemed to some like an exchange of journalistic integrity for commercial opportunism. More importantly, perhaps, many feel that 24-hour-a-day cable sports television networks and sports news web sites have forever diminished the role a weekly publication can play in today's world, and that it is unlikely any magazine will ever again achieve the level of prominence that SI once had.[6]

年度最佳运动员

自1954年创刊以来，运动画刊杂志颁发年度最佳运动员奖给予"the athlete or team whose performance that year most embodies the spirit of sportsmanship and achievement." Roger Bannister won the first ever Sportsman of the year award thanks to his record breaking time of 3:59.4 for a mile (the first ever time a mile had been run under four minutes)。

封面带来的诅咒

  • 当美国联棒大联盟球员Eddie Mathews成为第一期的封面人物后。一个星期后遭到伤患困扰，错失了七场比赛。「运动画刊诅咒」因而诞生。
  • January 31, 1955 - The week that an issue featuring her was on the stands, skier Jill Kinmont struck a tree during a practice run and was paralyzed from the neck down.
  • 1957年11月18日奥克拉荷马大学赢得连续47场大学美式足球比赛，是当时最长的连胜记录。封面大字标题写着「为什么奥克拉荷马是无法打败？」。不过在下一场比赛被圣母大学所击败。此外圣母大学在1953年是奥克拉荷马取得47连胜前最后一次击败他们的球队。
  • 1958年5月26日 - SI's 1958 Indianapolis 500 preview issue featured Pat O'Connor, who was killed in a 15-car pileup during the first lap of the race.
  • 1961年2月13日 - Laurence Owen was billed as "America's Most Exciting Girl Skater." Two days after the cover date, Owen and the rest of the United States figure skating team perished in a plane crash. The International Skating Union cancels the 1961 World Championships as a result.
  • 1970年12月14日，德州奥斯汀大学当时10胜0负以及有连胜30场的记录 有连胜30场的记录，在棉花碗的比赛出现9次漏接以11-24负于圣母大学。
  • 1987年4月6日- 1986年球季的印地安人队取得86胜，封面是印地安人队打者Joe Carter和Cory Snyder。and carried the words "INDIAN UPRISING" and the sub-headline,「相信吧！克里夫兰印地安人是美国联盟最佳球队。」最终印地安人队最终成绩是101败，retaining their own curse, the Curse of Rocky Colavito.
  • October 5, 1987 - Lloyd Moseby of the Toronto Blue Jays appears on the cover, with the words "Toronto Takes Off -- Lloyd Moseby and the Jays soar past the Tigers." When the magazine came out, the Jays were 3 1/2 games ahead of the Tigers, with seven games remaining. The Blue Jays went on to lose all seven. Detroit swept Toronto the last three games of the season, all by one run, and won the division by one game. In 2006, the Sports Illustrated website named this the third-biggest late-season collapse in baseball all-time, illustrating the story with an image of this cover.
  • November 30, 1987 - A cover illustrating the victory of the then-#2 Oklahoma Sooners over the #1 Nebraska Cornhuskers lauded Oklahoma and featured Oklahoma's Charles Thompson on the cover. On February 27, 1989, Thompson again appeared on the cover: this time in handcuffs and a prison jumpsuit after his arrest on suspicion of dealing cocaine (he was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison). The article accused head coach Barry Switzer's Sooner program as being out-of-control, and Switzer resigned soon afterwards.
  • 19899月4日 - Major League Baseball Commissioner Bart Giamatti's words about Pete Rose appeared on the cover，在那星期，Giamatti死于心脏病。
  • 1994年10月31日 - 由于大联盟球员罢工的关系，日本大赛取代了 美国职棒大联盟世界大赛. A picture of a Seibu Lions pitcher in demolishing the Yomiuri Giants, 11-0, in Game 1 is shown from October 22. 该期在10月25日发行，10月29日，巨人队在系列赛中以六场比赛击败对手。
  • 1995年6月5日 - 三天后his appearance，旧金山巨人三垒手 Matt Williams，是国家联盟全垒打、打击率及打点领先球员，不过因为打投出来的球击中了右脚，停赛了两个半月。
  • 2001年3月5日 Within a week after Nomar Garciaparra's cover appearance , it was announced that he had torn a tendon in his hand, forcing the Red Sox shortstop to miss all but 21 games of the 2001 season.
  • 2003年11月16日 - Peter King编写一篇堪萨斯城酋长9胜0负的成绩（当时）。在下一个星期after wide reciever Chad Johnson declared the Cincinnati Bengals were going to beat the Chiefs, the Chiefs suffered their first loss of the season. The Chiefs made went on to win the AFC West with a 13-3 record and gain home-field advantage in the playoffs, but lost in the Divisional Playoff game against the Indianapolis Colts. The Kansas City press and fans soon declared that King jinxed the Chiefs' hopes of glory that season.

While the list of "examples" of the jinx is extensive, an individual record 49 cover appearances by Michael Jordan, team record 61 covers by the New York Yankees, and school record of 105 covers by the UCLA Bruins [1] have not hindered their success.

2002年其中一期，封面标题写关于它们带来的诅咒，封面是一只黑猫。圣路易斯公羊四分卫Kurt Warner想与黑猫一起登上封面，但遭杂志拒绝。结果公羊队连胜两场，成为国联会的冠军。

作者

  • Marty Burns
  • Jack McCallum
  • Frank Deford
  • Gary Smith
  • Peter King
  • Arash Markazi
  • Rick Reilly
  • Phil Taylor
  • Gary Van Sickle
  • Tom Verducci
  • Paul Zimmerman
  • Ed Hinton (1995-2000)
  • Steve Rushin
  • Steve Hofstetter

副产品

运动画刊 has helped launched a number of related publishing ventures, including:

  • 运动画刊儿童版 （印刷数95万）
    • 1989年1月首度发行
    • Won the "Distinguished Achievement for Excellence in Educational Publishing" award 11 times
    • Won the "Parents' Choice Magazine Award" 7 times
  • Sports Illustrated Almanac annuals
    • 1991年设立
    • Yearly compilation of sports news and statistics in book form
  • SI.com体育新闻网站
    • 1997年6月17日启用
    • 杂志网络版本及CNN.com体育新闻。
  • Sports Illustrated Women magazine（最高销量达40万本）
    • 2000年3月首度发行
    • 2002年12月因缺乏广告而停刊
  • Sports Illustrated on Campus杂志
    • 2003年9月4日发行
    • 以学校运动员及针对校际比赛有兴趣的读者。
    • 在72所校园免费派发。
    • 超过100万18至24岁读者。
    • 由于广告甚少，2005年12月停止发售。

脚注

  1. ^ (MacCambridge 1997, pp. 17-25).
  2. ^ (MacCambridge 1997, pp. 6, 27, 42).
  3. ^ (MacCambridge 1997, pp. 5-8, 160).
  4. ^ (MacCambridge 1997, pp. 108-111, 139-141, 149-151, 236).
  5. ^ (MacCambridge 1997, pp. 236-238).
  6. ^ (MacCambridge 1997, pp. 8-9, 268-273, 354-358, 394-398, 402-405).

参考资料

  • MacCambridge, Michael (1997), The Franchise: A History of Sports Illustrated Magazine, Hyperion Press, ISBN 0-7868-6216-5 [March 15, 2004].

外部连结


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