电脑运算
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电脑运算是使用电脑自行运算操作的领域。
目录 |
科学与理论
硬件
See information processor for a high-level block diagram.
指令层次的分类(Instruction-level taxonomies)
在内存普及化之后，焦点转移到在指令层次上提升CPU的效能。各种取出－执行(fetch-execute)周期的高速化方法包括:
- 以较简单、快速的指令，截然不同于CISC的RISC来设计指令集架构(instruction set architectures)
- 超纯量(Superscalar)指令执行
- VLIW架构，其造就明确的平行性
软件
- 软件工程
- 计算机编程
- 软件专利
计算机历史
- History of computing hardware
- Punch Card
- Unit record equipment
- IBM 700/7000 series
- IBM 1400 series
- System/360
- Early IBM disk storage
商用计算机
- 会计软件
- 电脑辅助设计(CAD)
- 计算机辅助制造(CAM)
- Computer-assisted dispatch
- 客户关系管理
- 资料仓储
- 决策支持系统
- Electronic data processing
- 企业资源计划
- 地理信息系统(GIS)
- 信息管理系统
- 物料需求计划(MRP)
- Strategic enterprise management(SEM)
- 供应链管理(SCM)
- 产品生命周期管理(PLM)
- Utility Computing
人的因素
- Accessible computing
- Human-computer interaction
计算机安全
- Cryptology - cryptography - information theory
- Cracking - demon dialing - Hacking - war dialing - war driving
- Social engineering - Dumpster diving
- Physical security - Black bag job
- Computer insecurity
- Computer surveillance
- defensive programming
- 恶意软件
- security engineering
资料
数值资料
- 整数资料型别 - 位元(bit)、字节(byte)等。
- 实数资料型别:
- 十进制
- Binary-coded decimal (BCD), 十进制的二进码.
- Excess-3 BCD (XS-3)
- 二五混合码
- 表示法: 二进制 - 八进制 - 十进制 - 十六进制 (hex)
- Computer mathematics - Computer numbering formats -
字符资料
- 储存型式: 字符 - 字串 - 文本 - 纯文本
其它资料主题
Mechatronics
- Punch card
- Key punch
- Unit record equipment
计算机分类
- Analog computer
- 计数机
- Desktop computer
- Desknote
- Digital computer
- Embedded computer
- Home computer
- 手提电脑
- Mainframe
- Minicomputer
- 微型电脑
- 个人电脑
- 个人数码助理 (PDA)
- 服务器
- 超级电脑
- Tablet PC
- Video game console
- Workstation
当前的公司
- 苹果公司
- Avaya
- 戴尔
- 富士通
- Gateway Computers
- Groupe Bull
- 惠普公司(Hewlett-Packard)
- 日立(Hitachi)
- IBM
- 微软
- 日本电气(NEC)
- NetCB
- Novell
- Red Hat
- Silicon Graphics
- 太阳电脑(Sun Microsystems)
- Unisys
历史上的公司
- Acorn, bought by Olivetti
- Bendix Corporation
- Burroughs, merged with UNIVAC to become Unisys
- Compaq, bought by Hewlett-Packard
- Control Data
- Cray
- Data General
- DEC, bought by Compaq, in turn bought by Hewlett-Packard
- Digital Research - a software company for the early microprocessor-based computers
- English Electric
- Ferranti
- General Electric, computer division bought by Honeywell, then Bull
- Honeywell, computer division bought by Bull and
- ICL
- Leo
- Lisp Machines, Inc.
- Marconi
- Nixdorf, bought by Siemens
- Olivetti
- Osborne
- Packard Bell
- Raytheon
- Royal McBee
- RCA
- Scientific Data Systems, sold to Xerox
- Siemens
- Sinclair Research, created the ZX Spectrum, ZX80 and ZX81
- Symbolics
- UNIVAC, merged with Burroughs to become Unisys
- Varian
- Wang
专业组织
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
- British Computer Society (BCS)
- Association for Survey Computing (ASC)
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), in particular the IEEE Computer Society
- Institution of Electrical Engineers
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
==Standards organizations and consortia== (see also standardization)
- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
- Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
杂项
- List of computer term etymologies
- Load (computing)
- Indian Language Computing
1个分类: 计算
1个隐藏分类: 自2007年2月缺少来源的条目
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