SPARC
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SPARC，全称为「可扩充处理器架构」（Scalable Processor ARChitecture），是RISC微处理器架构之一。它最早于1985年由昇阳电脑所设计，也是SPARC国际公司的注册商标之一。这家公司于1989年成立，其目的是向外界推广SPARC，以及为该架构进行符合性测试。此外该公司为了扩阔SPARC设计的生态系统，SPARC国际也把标准开放，并授权予多间生产商采用，包括德州仪器、Cypress半导体、富士通等。由于SPARC架构也对外完全开放，因此也出现了完全开放原始码的LEON处理器，这款处理器以VHDL语言写成，并采用LGPL授权。
SPARC架构原设计给工作站使用，及后应用在昇阳、富士通等制造的大型SMP服务器上。而昇阳开发的Solaris作业系统也是为SPARC设计的系统之一，除Solaris外，NeXTSTEP、Linux、FreeBSD、OpenBSD及NetBSD系统也提供SPARC版本。
现时最新版本的SPARC为第8及第9版，在2005年12月，昇阳方面宣布其UltraSPARC T1处理器将采用开放原始码方式。2006年4月12日，昇阳电脑宣布完整的UltraSPARC T2处理器已经进行试产。
SPARC 微处理器规格
| Name | Model | Frequency [MHz] |
架构版本 | Year | Threads Per Core × Cores = Total Threads |
Process [µm] |
Transistors [millions] |
Die size [mm²] |
IO Pins | Power [W] |
Voltage [V] |
L1 Dcache [k] |
L1 Icache [k] |
L2 Cache [k] |
L3 Cache [k] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPARC | (various) | 14.28–40 | V7 | 1987-1992 | 1×1=1 | 0.8–1.3 | ~0.1–1.8 | -- | 160–256 | -- | -- | -- | -- | none | none |
| microSPARC I (Tsunami) | TI TMS390S10 | 40–50 | V8 | 1992 | 1×1=1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 225? | 288 | 2.5 | 5 | 2 | 4 | none | none |
| SuperSPARC I (Viking) | TI TMX390Z50 / Sun STP1020 | 33–60 | V8 | 1992 | 1×1=1 | 0.8 | 3.1 | -- | 293 | 14.3 | 5 | 16 | 20 | 0-2048 | none |
| hyperSPARC (Colorado 1) | Ross RT620A | 40–90 | V8 | 1993 | 1×1=1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | -- | -- | -- | 5? | 0 | 8 | 128-256 | none |
| microSPARC II (Swift) | Fujitsu MB86904 / Sun STP1012 | 60–125 | V8 | 1994 | 1×1=1 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 233 | 321 | 5 | 3.3 | 8 | 16 | none | none |
| hyperSPARC (Colorado 2) | Ross RT620B | 90–125 | V8 | 1994 | 1×1=1 | 0.4 | 1.5 | -- | -- | -- | 3.3 | 0 | 8 | 128-256 | none |
| SuperSPARC II (Voyager) | Sun STP1021 | 75–90 | V8 | 1994 | 1×1=1 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 299 | -- | 16 | -- | 16 | 20 | 1024-2048 | none |
| hyperSPARC (Colorado 3) | Ross RT620C | 125–166 | V8 | 1995 | 1×1=1 | 0.35 | 1.5 | -- | -- | -- | 3.3 | 0 | 8 | 512-1024 | none |
| TurboSPARC | Fujitsu MB86907 | 160–180 | V8 | 1995 | 1×1=1 | 0.35 | 3.0 | 132 | 416 | 7 | 3.5 | 16 | 16 | 512 | none |
| UltraSPARC I (Spitfire) | Sun STP1030 | 143–167 | V9 | 1995 | 1×1=1 | 0.47 | 5.2 | 315 | 521 | 30 @167 MHz | 3.3 | 16 | 16 | 512-1024 | none |
| UltraSPARC I (Hornet) | Sun STP1030 | 200 | V9 | 1998 | 1×1=1 | 0.42 | 5.2 | 265 | 521 | -- | 3.3 | 16 | 16 | 512-1024 | none |
| hyperSPARC (Colorado 4) | Ross RT620D | 180–200 | V8 | 1996 | 1×1=1 | 0.35 | 1.7 | -- | -- | -- | 3.3 | 16 | 16 | 512 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIs (Blackbird) | Sun STP1031 | 250–400 | V9 | 1997 | 1×1=1 | 0.35 | 5.4 | 149 | 521 | 25 @250 MHz | 2.5 | 16 | 16 | 1024 or 4096 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIs (Sapphire-Black) | Sun STP1032 / STP1034 | 360–480 | V9 | 1999 | 1×1=1 | 0.25 | 5.4 | 126 | 521 | 21 @400 MHz | 1.9 | 16 | 16 | 1024–8192 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIi (Sabre) | Sun SME1040 | 270–360 | V9 | 1997 | 1×1=1 | 0.35 | 5.4 | 156 | 587 | 21 | 1.9 | 16 | 16 | 256–2048 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIi (Sapphire-Red) | Sun SME1430 | 333–480 | V9 | 1998 | 1×1=1 | 0.25 | 5.4 | -- | 587 | 21 @440 MHz | 1.9 | 16 | 16 | 2048 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIe (Hummingbird) | Sun SME1701 | 400–600 | V9 | 2000 | 1×1=1 | 0.18 Al | -- | -- | 370 | 13 max @500 MHz | 1.5-1.7 | 16 | 16 | 256 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIi (IIe+) | -- | 550–650 | V9 | 2002 | 1×1=1 | 0.18 Cu | -- | -- | 370 | 17.6 | 1.7 | 16 | 16 | 512 | none |
| UltraSPARC III (Cheetah) | Sun SME1050 | 600 | V9 | 2001 | 1×1=1 | 0.18 Al | 29 | 330 | 1368 | 53 | 1.6 | 64 | 32 | 8192 | none |
| UltraSPARC III (Cheetah) | Sun SME1052 | 750–900 | V9 | 2001 | 1×1=1 | 0.13 Al | 29 | -- | 1368 | -- | 1.6 | 64 | 32 | 8192 | none |
| UltraSPARC III Cu (Cheetah+) | Sun SME1056 | 1002–1200 | V9 | 2001 | 1×1=1 | 0.13 Cu | 29 | 232 | 1368 | 80 @900 MHz | 1.6 | 64 | 32 | 8192 | none |
| UltraSPARC IIIi (Jalapeno) | Sun SME1603 | 1064–1593 | V9 | 2003 | 1×1=1 | 0.13 | 87.5 | 206 | 959 | 52 | 1.3 | 64 | 32 | 1024 | none |
| UltraSPARC IV (Jaguar) | Sun SME1167 | 1050–1350 | V9 | 2004 | 1×2=2 | 0.13 | 66 | 356 | 1368 | 108 | 1.35 | 64 | 32 | 16384 | none |
| UltraSPARC IV+ (Panther) | -- | 1500–2100 | V9 | 2005 | 1×2=2 | 0.09 | 295 | 336 | 1368 | 90 | 1.1 | 64 | 64 | 2048 | 32768 |
| UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara) | Sun SME1905 | 1000–1400 | V9 / UA 2005 | 2005 | 4×8=32 | 0.09 | 300 | 340 | 1933 | 72 | 1.3 | 8 | 16 | 3072 | none |
| SPARC64-VI | -- | 2150–2400 | V9 | 2007 | 2×2=4 | 0.09 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 128 | 128 | 6144 | none |
| UltraSPARC T2 (Niagara II) | ? | 1400–? | V9 / UA ???? | 2007 | 8×8=64 | 0.065 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 4096 | ? |
| UltraSPARC RK (Rock) | Sun SME1832 | ? | V9 / UA ???? | 2007-8? | 2×16=32[1] | 0.065 | ? | ? | 2326 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Name | Model | Frequency [MHz] |
Architecture Version |
Year | Threads Per Core × Cores = Total Threads |
Process [µm] |
Transistors [millions] |
Die size [mm²] |
IO Pins | Power [W] |
Voltage [V] |
L1 Dcache [k] |
L1 Icache [k] |
L2 Cache [k] |
L3 Cache [k] |
April 4th, 2007: Customers will now find 1.95GHz and 2.1GHz iterations of the processor available for low-end and midrange machines. Higher-end kit appears available with the 1.95GHz chips only for the moment, excluding the beastly E25K, which is stuck at 1.8GHz. Sun continues to offer older UltraSPARC IV+ chips, running between 1.5GHz and 1.8GHz, across it SunFire line.
外部网站
| 软件: | Solaris/OpenSolaris • StarOffice/OpenOffice.org • Java Desktop System • Java (Java语言 • JVM • Java API) • JES • 网络文件系统 • JavaFX • NetBeans • Sun Grid Engine • VirtualBox • MySQL |
| 硬件: | SPARCstation • Sun Ultra series • Sun Enterprise • Sun Blade • Sun Fire • SPARC Enterprise • UltraSPARC T1 • UltraSPARC T2 • SPARC • JavaStation • Sun Ray • Project Blackbox • Sun Grid |
| 教育和认可: | SCPs • List of notable employees |
| 精简指令集 | |
|---|---|
| Power Architecture · ARM架构 · DEC Alpha · Atmel AVR · MIPS architecture · PA-RISC · Parallax Propeller · PIC microcontroller · SPARC · SuperH · XAP processor · I960 · Motorola 88000 |
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